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How to Pass the New Russian Language Test

The St.Petersburg Times May 19, 2014




Ошибочка: mistake, minor or major.

I’ve detected a slight buzz of panic among Russia’s expat community. It seems that a Russian work visa or residence permit will only be issued to those of us who can pass a test on Russian language, culture, history, and even legislation. Кошмар! (What a nightmare!)

To help you cram (зубрить), here is a sample multiple-choice (тест) question: Что такое РєРѕСЃСЏРє? (What is РєРѕСЃСЏРє?) a) a door jamb; b) a group of birds or fish; c) something crooked; d) a mistake; e) none of the above; f) all of the above. If you guessed “f” — Садись! Пятёрка! (Sit down. You get an A). You will pass your exam with flying colors.

РљРѕСЃСЏРє is a funny word. In it you hear РєРѕСЃРѕ (crookedly), and yet it refers to something that must be straight: РћРЅ беспомощно привалился СЃРїРёРЅРѕР№ Рє дверному РєРѕСЃСЏРєСѓ (He helplessly fell against the door jamb). Or something that would seem to have nothing to do with straight or crooked: Посетители шли РІ театр РєРѕСЃСЏРєРѕРј (People swarmed into the theater). Or something that is either up in the air or down in the sea: Летал над нами крикливый РєРѕСЃСЏРє журавлей (A noisy flock of cranes flew over us). Вышел РєРѕСЃСЏРє лещей Рё плавно двинулся РІ сторону берега (A school of bream appeared and smoothly swam toward the bank). And the slang usage is equally rich. РљРѕСЃСЏРє might mean a joint (as in marijuana) or a face (as in ugly mug), but since none of my friends are gangsters, I can’t confirm it. I can, however, testify that РєРѕСЃСЏРє means a goof or gaffe, because I hear, read and use it that way all the time. РћР№! Забыла предупредить, что РїСЂРёРґСѓ сегодня позже. РњРѕР№ РєРѕСЃСЏРє (Oops! I forgot to warn you that I’d be late today. My bad).

Russian has other words for goofs. Ошибка (mistake) is the most neutral. Its diminutive, ошибочка, might mean a minor error: РќРёРєРѕРіРѕ РЅРµ шокирует стилистическая ошибочка (No one is shocked by a little stylistic error). Or it might mean a great, walloping, horrible mistake that you are trying to downplay. This is a classic linguistic ploy of teenagers: Папа, ошибочка вышла. РЇ думал, что нажимал РЅР° тормоза, Р° оказывается, что нажал РЅР° газ. Р’ дерево врезался. (Dad, I made a little boo-boo. I thought I was hitting the brakes, but it turns out I was pressing the gas pedal. I rammed a tree). Another word easily recognizable to English speakers is ляпсус (lapse). It is even more comprehensible to anyone who studied Latin in school, since it is a transliteration of lapsis and is used in much the same way — most often to describe a typo or slip in speaking or printing.

Почерк автора был неразборчивый, Рё некоторые ляпсусы попали РІ первые публикации (The handwriting of the author was illegible, so several mistakes made their way into the first publication). Ляпсус has a short-form goof, ляп, which is slangier and a bit more universal. Р’ принципе, фильм можно было Р±С‹ считать удачным, если Р±С‹ РЅРµ несколько ляпов (Overall, you could say the film was successful except for a few blunders).

If you prefer guns to dead languages, you might like the word промах (miss, slip-up) to describe your goofs. Забыл купить подарки Рё кинулся исправлять СЃРІРѕР№ промах (I forgot to buy gifts, so I rushed to fix my blunder). And if you come empty-handed, just say: РњРѕР№ РєРѕСЃСЏРє.

Michele A. Berdy, a Moscow-based translator and interpreter, is the author of “The Russian Word’s Worth” (Glas), a collection of her columns.

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